GEISHA - A Chicken Embryo Gene Expression Database
Browse By
- Anatomical Location
- Stage
- Gene Name
- GEISHA ID
- Multiple Parameters
Search
- Quick Search
Data Class
Enter Text:
go
- Gene Family QuickSearch
Transcription Factors
Growth Factors
Receptors
MicroRNAs
- Human Disease Gene Search
Documents
- Downloads
- Protocols
- About GEISHA
- Contact Us
Resources
- Transgenic Birds
- Model Organism Databases
- Gene Expression Databases
- Genomic Resources
- Anatomical Atlases
- Chicken Stage Series
_

PHOX2B
paired like homeobox 2b

The human orthologue of this gene is associated
with the following human diseases:
Gene
Official SymbolPHOX2B
Official Full Namepaired like homeobox 2b
CGNC ID49370
also known aspaired mesoderm homeobox protein 2B, Phox2b protein
gene typeprotein-coding
Genomic Map
 Ensembl ID not known
NCBI
UCSC
Gallus-Browse
Sequence Information
Genomic
RNAXM_001234150
PolypeptideXP_001234151
Sequence Clusters/ESTsUnigene
Gene Expression
In Situ HybridizationGEISHA
EST ProfileGga.10503
Orthology
Entrez GeneEnsembl GeneGenetic PhenotypesMOD
Fruit Fly
Human8929ENSG00000109132MIM:209880MIM:603851
Mouse18935ENSMUSG00000012520All phenotypic alleles (6):Chemically induced(1) Targeted, other(5) MGI:1100882
Xenopus100124329, 4951201000414
Zebrafish544654, 795258ENSDARG00000091029, ENSDARG00000075330ZDB-GENE-050407-3, ZDB-GENE-090313-51ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-050407-3, ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-090313-51
Gene Ontology
Molecular Function
Biological Process
Cellular Component
Links to other databases
Entrez Gene395548
Ensembl Gene
KEGGgga:395548

Entry 1

GEISHA IdChEST47n21Data SourceGEISHA ISH Analysis
Forward cDNA Template Probeshow
AGAGCCTTTTCAATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTACCTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACA
CCTCGAGCCTGGCTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTTCCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGAC
CACTTTCGGGGCCACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCACTCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGC
AGCCCCTACGCAGCAGGTAAGGACCTCCGGCTTTCTTACCCCGGCAGCCGCCTCGCCGCTGGTATATAGGAAGCCTTGA
TTGCATTTGAAAATGGAAATGTGTTTAGTATTTACCAAACGAAATTTGCTTACACAAATGAAAGAATTTATCACGTTAG
AAGCGATTGCAGGGAGGGGTAATTCACTTACAGGGTTACACTATCCTAGTCACACCCGAACCGCC
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
7-12
stage 9
  
13-18
stage 14
stage 18
stage 18
Foregut
Heart
Hindbrain
Pharyngeal Arches and Clefts
Spinal Cord
Spinal Ganglia and Nerves
Splanchnic Mesoderm
hand transected
19-20
stage 20
Hindbrain
 

Entry 2

GEISHA IdPHOX2A.Agarwala.2001Data SourcePublication
Complete cDNA Template Probeshow
ATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTACCTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACACCTCGAGCCTGG
CTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTTCCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGACCACTTTCGGGGC
CACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCACTCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGCAGCCCCTACGCA
GCAGTTCCTTACAAACTCTTCACCGACCACGGCGGTTTGAACGAGAAGCGGAAACAGCGGCGGATCCGCACCACGTTCA
CCAGCGCGCAGCTCAAGGAACTGGAGCGGGTGTTCGCGGAGACGCACTACCCCGACATTTACACCCGGGAGGAGCTGGC
GCTCAAGATCGACCTCACCGAGGCCCGAGTGCAGGTGTGGTTCCAGAACCGCCGCGCCAAGTTCCGCAAGCTGGAGCGG
GCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGCCAAGAACGGAGCGGCCGGCAAGAAGTCGGACGCCTCCCGCGACGACGAGAGCA
AGGAGGCCAAGAGCACCGACCCCGACAGCACCGGCGGCCCCGGGCCCAACCCCAACCCCGCGCCCAGCTGCGGCGGCGG
CGGCGGGCCCAGCCCCGCGGGCGGGCAGGGGGCGGTGGGGCCCGGCGGCCCGGGTTGAGAGCCGGGTGGAGCGGCGGAC
CTCAGAACAACTCAGCCCATCAGCGGGATGCTGCACAACCAGGAAAGCTTCACCGTAACCATCGCGCTGCAGCTCACAG
ACTCACAAGGCATTGTGTCCGCCCACTCCGCAGCCTCCCCCCGCATCACCCCGTCCTTAAACCTCATAACAACACTGGC
TTCTGAACCTGCTGAGGAGGATTGCTCCTGA
CitationAgarwala S, Sanders TA, Ragsdale CW. Sonic hedgehog control of size and shape in midbrain pattern formation. Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2147-50. Epub 2001 Mar 1.
Copyright© 2011 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All Rights Reserved.
CommentsAs insufficient information is provided in publication to verify exact sequence used to synthesize probe, the sequence below was obtained from NCBI (acc #XM_001234150)
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
25-26
stage 26
stage 26
Midbrain
multiple probes

Entry 3

GEISHA IdPHOX2B.Huber.2008Data SourcePublication
Complete cDNA Template Probeshow
ATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTACCTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACACCTCGAGCCTGG
CTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTTCCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGACCACTTTCGGGGC
CACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCACTCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGCAGCCCCTACGCA
GCAGTTCCTTACAAACTCTTCACCGACCACGGCGGTTTGAACGAGAAGCGGAAACAGCGGCGGATCCGCACCACGTTCA
CCAGCGCGCAGCTCAAGGAACTGGAGCGGGTGTTCGCGGAGACGCACTACCCCGACATTTACACCCGGGAGGAGCTGGC
GCTCAAGATCGACCTCACCGAGGCCCGAGTGCAGGTGTGGTTCCAGAACCGCCGCGCCAAGTTCCGCAAGCTGGAGCGG
GCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGCCAAGAACGGAGCGGCCGGCAAGAAGTCGGACGCCTCCCGCGACGACGAGAGCA
AGGAGAATTGGGGAACAAAGCGCAGACCGCCCCGTCTGTCAGAGGTGCCGCGCCCCCGGGCTGCCCCCACCGACCCGCG
GAAGGCGACGGCTGCTCAGGGCCCGGGAGCTGCCGCGGCCCCGACGGGGCGGGCGGAGCGCGGCCCCGGCGCTGCCGGG
ACAGCCTCGCAACCCGCCGCTCCCGGGGGCACGGCGGGGTGA
CitationHuber K, Franke A, Brühl B, Krispin S, Ernsberger U, Schober A, von Bohlen und Halbach O, Rohrer H, Kalcheim C, Unsicker K. Persistent expression of BMP-4 in embryonic chick adrenal cortical cells and its role in chromaffin cell development. Neural Dev. 2008 Oct 22;3:28.
Copyright© 2008 Huber et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. (requested from Dr. Unsicker)
CommentsAs insufficient information is provided in publication to verify exact sequence used to synthesize probe, the sequence below was obtained from NCBI (acc #XM_001234150.2).
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
13-18
stage 15
stage 16
stage 17
stage 18
stage 18
Intermediate Mesoderm
Spinal Ganglia and Nerves
 
19-21
stage 21
stage 21
Spinal Ganglia and Nerves
 

Entry 4

GEISHA IdPHOX2B.Huber.2012Data SourcePublication
Complete cDNA Template Probeshow
ATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTACCTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACACCTCGAGCCTGG
CTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTTCCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGACCACTTTCGGGGC
CACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCACTCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGCAGCCCCTACGCA
GCAGTTCCTTACAAACTCTTCACCGACCACGGCGGTTTGAACGAGAAGCGGAAACAGCGGCGGATCCGCACCACGTTCA
CCAGCGCGCAGCTCAAGGAACTGGAGCGGGTGTTCGCGGAGACGCACTACCCCGACATTTACACCCGGGAGGAGCTGGC
GCTCAAGATCGACCTCACCGAGGCCCGAGTGCAGGTGTGGTTCCAGAACCGCCGCGCCAAGTTCCGCAAGCTGGAGCGG
GCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGCCAAGAACGGAGCGGCCGGCAAGAAGTCGGACGCCTCCCGCGACGACGAGAGCA
AGGAGAATTGGGGAACAAAGCGCAGACCGCCCCGTCTGTCAGAGGTGCCGCGCCCCCGGGCTGCCCCCACCGACCCGCG
GAAGGCGACGGCTGCTCAGGGCCCGGGAGCTGCCGCGGCCCCGACGGGGCGGGCGGAGCGCGGCCCCGGCGCTGCCGGG
ACAGCCTCGCAACCCGCCGCTCCCGGGGGCACGGCGGGGTGA
CitationHuber L, Ferdin M, Holzmann J, Stubbusch J, Rohrer H. HoxB8 in noradrenergic specification and differentiation of the autonomic nervous system. Dev Biol. 2012 Mar 1;363(1):219-33. Epub 2011 Dec 24.
CopyrightCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
CommentsInsufficient information provided in publication to verify exact sequence used to synthesize probe. Sequence below was obtained from NCBI (Acc. # XM_001234150.2).
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
25-30
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 27
stage 29
stage 29
stage 30
stage 30
Esophagus
Head Mesenchyme
Neural Plate/Tube
Spinal Ganglia and Nerves
ciliary ganglia
control embryo
enteric ganglia
31-34
stage 31
stage 31
stage 34
stage 34
Cranial Ganglia
Esophagus
control embryo
enteric ganglia

Entry 5

GEISHA IdPHOX2B.WatariGoshima.2011Data SourcePublication
Complete cDNA Template Probeshow
ATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTACCTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACACCTCGAGCCTGG
CTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTTCCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGACCACTTTCGGGGC
CACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCACTCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGCAGCCCCTACGCA
GCAGTTCCTTACAAACTCTTCACCGACCACGGCGGTTTGAACGAGAAGCGGAAACAGCGGCGGATCCGCACCACGTTCA
CCAGCGCGCAGCTCAAGGAACTGGAGCGGGTGTTCGCGGAGACGCACTACCCCGACATTTACACCCGGGAGGAGCTGGC
GCTCAAGATCGACCTCACCGAGGCCCGAGTGCAGGTGTGGTTCCAGAACCGCCGCGCCAAGTTCCGCAAGCTGGAGCGG
GCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGCCAAGAACGGAGCGGCCGGCAAGAAGTCGGACGCCTCCCGCGACGACGAGAGCA
AGGAGAATTGGGGAACAAAGCGCAGACCGCCCCGTCTGTCAGAGGTGCCGCGCCCCCGGGCTGCCCCCACCGACCCGCG
GAAGGCGACGGCTGCTCAGGGCCCGGGAGCTGCCGCGGCCCCGACGGGGCGGGCGGAGCGCGGCCCCGGCGCTGCCGGG
ACAGCCTCGCAACCCGCCGCTCCCGGGGGCACGGCGGGGTGA
CitationWatari-Goshima N, Chisaka O. Chicken HOXA3 Gene: Its Expression Pattern and Role in Branchial Nerve Precursor Cell Migration. Int J Biol Sci. 2011; 7(1): 87–101. Published online 2011 January 19.
CopyrightCopyright © Ivyspring International Publisher. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/). Reproduction is permitted for personal, noncommercial use, provided that the article is in whole, unmodified, and properly cited.
CommentsAs insufficient information is provided in publication to verify exact sequence used to synthesize probe, the sequence below was obtained from NCBI (acc #XM_001234150.2 ).
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
13-15
stage 15
stage 15
Cranial Nerve
 

Entry 6

GEISHA IdPHOX2B.Howard.2000Data SourcePublication
Complete cDNA Template Probeshow
ATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTACCTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACACCTCGAGCCTGG
CTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTTCCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGACCACTTTCGGGGC
CACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCACTCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGCAGCCCCTACGCA
GCAGTTCCTTACAAACTCTTCACCGACCACGGCGGTTTGAACGAGAAGCGGAAACAGCGGCGGATCCGCACCACGTTCA
CCAGCGCGCAGCTCAAGGAACTGGAGCGGGTGTTCGCGGAGACGCACTACCCCGACATTTACACCCGGGAGGAGCTGGC
GCTCAAGATCGACCTCACCGAGGCCCGAGTGCAGGTGTGGTTCCAGAACCGCCGCGCCAAGTTCCGCAAGCTGGAGCGG
GCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCCGCCAAGAACGGAGCGGCCGGCAAGAAGTCGGACGCCTCCCGCGACGACGAGAGCA
AGGAGAATTGGGGAACAAAGCGCAGACCGCCCCGTCTGTCAGAGGTGCCGCGCCCCCGGGCTGCCCCCACCGACCCGCG
GAAGGCGACGGCTGCTCAGGGCCCGGGAGCTGCCGCGGCCCCGACGGGGCGGGCGGAGCGCGGCCCCGGCGCTGCCGGG
ACAGCCTCGCAACCCGCCGCTCCCGGGGGCACGGCGGGGTGA
CitationHoward MJ, Stanke M, Schneider C, Wu X, Rohrer H. The transcription factor dHAND is a downstream effector of BMPs in sympathetic neuron specification. Development. 2000 Sep;127(18):4073-81.
CopyrightCopyright is held by the authors. Published by The Company of Biologists, Ltd.
Comments As insufficient information is provided in publication to verify exact sequence used to synthesize probe, the sequence below was obtained from NCBI XM_001234150.2
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
13-18
stage 18
stage 18
Spinal Cord
Spinal Ganglia and Nerves
HH Stage 18+
19-24
stage 19
stage 19
Cranial Ganglia
 
31-34
stage 34
stage 34
stage 34
stage 34
  

Entry 7

GEISHA IdPHOX2b.Freter.2012Data SourcePublication
Complete cDNA Template Probeshow
AACACTTGGATTCGCATCATTCTTTGGTGCCCTTTAGATTTGGGGGACGGAAGACAGATGTTGGCAGCGCCTTTCTCCT
CTTGTCTGCCGGCCATAAAGGGAGGACCATTTAGAGCCCGCAATTTGTTTCCGCCCTCGCACTAAAACCGTGTTCACAT
TTATTTTCATTTCGCCGGTGCACAAAAAGTGTCCACGGGCCACCAAAGGCCGTTCTTTATCAAATACACATTGTACAAC
ATGCAGCCGCAATAAAGCCGTCAGCTCTCGCCATAAAGCCCTCACCCGGCCCCTCAGAGGCTCGAGAATCTTTCGCGTC
GTTTTATTGCCCCCCGGTAACTCACAGCGACGTGCCCCAAAATACTGCTGCCATTGAGTACCGCCTGATGTGGGGCGAA
GCGGCGCGATGGGCAGCCTCGGCATGAGCACTGAGCTCGGCAAACGCTGCGCGTGCCTAAACGCCCCTATAAAGACCTT
ATGACTTTGTTACTTTAATTGCCGACTTGTTACGGAGCACATAAACGGGGTAATGAATGTAATAAAACTAATTATCCAC
ACATTCAAATCATATAAAATATCCTCTATTTGCTTATGCGGCGGCGAAGTTTAGCCGAGCGTTCTACGCTGCCCACCGA
GAGGAAGGACTTAATGAAACCCAGATAACCGCCCGGCGATCGCAGCACTGCTGGCACCGTCCGCTGCGCGCATCCTGCG
CGGTGCCTGCGCGGTGCCTGGGCGGTGCCTGCAGGTGTTGGTCCCTCGCGGGTGCGCGTGTGTCGCTCGGGCTCGGAGC
CCCGTCCCAGCGCACTGCTTGCTTTGTGGCTCTTCTTCTCCTCCTCTCTCCCGCAGGAAGGAAAAATGGGCGCAAACCG
GGATGAGCTGCGACGCGCGCACAGACCCCGCGCGGATCGCTGTTGCCATCCCAATATAAACGCTAATCACGATCAATAT
CAATAACGACAATTTAATAAAGCCTTCCGTGCGGGCGAACGAACGAACGAAAGCCGCGGCTCCGAGCCCTAAGAACGCA
CCTACGCGCAGTCCGGCGAGCGGCTCTATTCGTTGCCCTGCGCTAAAAATCCCGCAGCCACAATGCGGTGCAGGGACCC
AACGGGAGGGCGCACGGCAACGCGGCAGCGCGCAGCCCCGGGGCAGAAGCGCAGTTCCCCCCAGACAGGTGGGTGTAAG
GAAGCAGCTCCGAAAAGGAAAGGAGAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAAGAAGAAAAAAAGAAAAAGAAAAAAAAAAAAGCAGCC
CACTGCCCACTTGGTCTATTTTACAGGGTGCCCGCGCCTGTTAATGTCCCGCTCCTTTATAGCATTTCATGCACTTCGG
GGGGTAGAGTTGTTGTTAAATTGAGCGTGTAACGCTCTTACAAAACAGGTTTCTCGATGACATCAAGGTTTGTCTCCCG
AACCGAGAGCGCACACACAATAAAAATAAATAAATCCCCCGCGGGAGGGGGGCGGCGGGGAACCACACCGTCTCAATTT
ATGCCTAAGGTATATGATCAGTTAAAAAGGCTTAAAAGCACGGGCAAATTGGATCAGGGAGAATCGTCACCCAACTTTC
ATTATTTCCAAGTAGTGTGATTGAATTAAAGGGCAGGGAGCTGGTTAGAAGGGAGGATCGAGGGGCTCGGTGCGTAATG
GTGCGGTATTAAATTCTAATTAGAGATGCAGGAATCAGCGATAGGGAGGTTGGACAGCTCGGTCCCCCAGTGCCAGCCC
AATAGACTGATGAGTTATTGTCATGTAAAAAGCGCCAGCAATAAGACCAACCGCTTTGCTATTGTCCAAGTGGAAAGAG
CCAAGTTTATTATGAGGACTATATGCTCTAGAGACCTCAGGCAAGGCATCTCATAGGAGGCTTTTTCATAAAACTAGGC
TCTGCTGGTAGTAGGGAGGCCACTCTCGAAGCGGGCGTTGAGCTGTGCACATCTCCCCACCACAGGCACCTTCTCCACA
TAGCCAGCTCCGGTCTCATTTCTTCCACTTGGCTGAGCCATCCAGAGCCTTTTCAATGTATAAAATGGAATATTCTTAC
CTCAATTCCTCCGCCTACGAGTCCTGTATGGCCGGGATGGACACCTCGAGCCTGGCTTCAGCGTATGCTGACTTCAGTT
CCTGCAGCCAAGCCAGTGGCTTCCAGTATAACCCCATAAGGACCACTTTCGGGGCCACCTCAGGCTGCCCGTCCCTCAC
TCCAGGATCCTGCAGCCTCGGCTCGCTCAGGGACCACCAGAGCAGCCCCTACGCAGCAGTTCCTTACAAACTCTTCACC
GACCACGGCGGTTTGAACGAGAAGCGGAAACAGCGGCGGATCCGCACCACGTTCACCAGCGCGCAGCTCAAGGAACTGG
AGCGGGTGTTCGCGGAGACGCACTACCCCGACATTTACACCCGGGAGGAGCTGGCGCTCAAGATCGACCTCACCGAGGC
CCGAGTGCAGGTGTGGTTCCAGAACCGCCGCGCCAAGTTCCGCAAGCAGGAGCGGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGCC
GCCAAGAACGGAGCGGCCGGCAAGAAGTCGGACGCCTCCCGCGACGACGAGAGCAAGGAGGCCAAGAGCACCGACCCCG
ACAGCACCGGCGGCCCCGGGCCCAACCCCAACCCCGCGCCCAGCTGCGGCGGCGGCGGCGGGCCCAGCCCCGCGGGCGG
GCAGGGGGCGGCGGGGCCCGGCGGCCCGGGGGGAGAGCCGGGCAAAGGGGCGGCGGGGCCCGGCGGGCTGGCGGCGGCG
GGGCCGGGGCAGGGCTGGGCCCCGGGGCCCGGGCCCATCACCTCCATCCCCGACTCGTTAGGCGGCCCCTTCGCCAGCG
TGCTCTCCTCGCTGCAGCGGCCCGGCGGCACCAAAGGCAGCCTCGTCAAGAGCGGCATGTTCTGAGCGGCGGCGGCGGC
GGCCCCTCCCGCTCCGCGGTCCCCGCCGCCCCGC
CitationFreter S, Muta Y, O'Neill P, Vassilev VS, Kuraku S, Ladher RK. Pax2 modulates proliferation during specification of the otic and epibranchial placodes. Dev Dyn. 2012 Nov;241(11):1716-28
CopyrightCopyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CommentsInsufficient information provided in publication to verify exact sequence used to synthesize probe. Sequence was obtained from NCBI (XM_015285470.2).
StageImage (click image to view full size)Location (click to highlight)Comments (click to highlight)
13-17
stage 17
Cranial Ganglia
g, geniculate; p, petrosal; n, nodose
all
 
  
 Data from NCBI Unigene EST Profile
Unigene ID: Gga.10503

Mouse

EmageMGI:1100882
EurexpressMGI:1100882
MGI GXDMGI:1100882

Frog

Xenbase1000414

Fruit Fly

BDGP

Zebra Finch

ZEBrA

Zebrafish

ZFINZDB-GENE-050407-3, ZDB-GENE-090313-51
Home | Contact
     
© 2008 Arizona Board of Regents
This website is hosted by the Biotechnology Computing Facility at the University of Arizona